Transforming catalysis to produce e-fuels: Prospects and gaps

After short introducing the crucial role of e-fuels to meet net-zero emissions targets, this perspective paper discusses differences between reactive catalysis (electro-, photo- and plasma-catalysis, with focus on first for conciseness) thermal used at most. The main point is evidence that progress in producing e-fuels, gap not terms scaling-up pilot testing, but rather fundamental needs turn current approach methodologies develop catalysis, including from a mechanistic perspective, go beyond methods largely derived catalysis. Developing thus new bases understand challenge accelerate area enable potential towards sustainable future. Some novel aspects are highlighted, general aim stimulate discussion rethinking an alternative perspective.